April.13,2013
Page 60 Question Number 1-5
1.What are the three functions of the roots?
Ans: The anchor the plant in soil, collect water and nutrients from soil, and also stores food.
2.Describe the major job of the leaf, and explain how two tissues in the leaf work together to accomplish this job.
Ans: The major job of the leaf is to accomplish photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugar and oxygen. The vascular tissues carries water needed for photosynthesis from the root up to the stem to the leaf. The sugar produced is also carried by vascular tissues to the rest of the plant.The oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried out through openings in the leaf epidermal tissue called stomata. Most of the leaf is made of specialized ground tissues called mesophyll.
3.Describe the major job of the stem and explain how the tissues in the stem work together to accomplish one of the stem functions.
Ans: Epidermal tissues provide a protective covering and allows the exchange of gas and water vapour. The epidermal tissues forms cuticle which coats the plant and reduces water loss. Ground tissues provide the stem with strength and support. And vascular tissues transports substances around the plant.
The stem transports water and nutrients throughout the plant and supports the leaves and flowers.
4.What is the major function of a flower?
Ans: The flower is the reproductive structure of the plant. The main function of the flower is to seeds through sexual reproduction.
5.N/A
Saturday, April 13, 2013
Thursday, April 11, 2013
Blood Breakthrough at Mac (Reading Questions)
April.11, 2013
Blood Breakthrough at Mac Article Questions
1.What kind of cells were used to create blood cells?
Ans: Skin cells are used to create blood cells.
2.Which patients can benefit from this process?
Ans: Patients who has cancer, anemia and all sorts of disease to receive healthy and perfectly matched blood products.
3.What previous discoveries did this research build upon?
Ans: They used previous discoveries such as skin be grown outside the body, skin cells can be converted to stem cells and the whole idea of stem cells and their flexibility.
4.Describe the process by which the blood cells are created.
Ans: The blood cells are created as skin cells are becoming stem cells but in an environment filled with proteins that promote the growth and survival of blood cells. After countless experiments, they reached the perfect condition where they could reliably coax the skin cells into converting to blood cells.
5.What future research might be done that builds upon this research?
Ans: The next step and researches might be testing them widely and finding out more about the process and application.
Blood Breakthrough at Mac Article Questions
1.What kind of cells were used to create blood cells?
Ans: Skin cells are used to create blood cells.
2.Which patients can benefit from this process?
Ans: Patients who has cancer, anemia and all sorts of disease to receive healthy and perfectly matched blood products.
3.What previous discoveries did this research build upon?
Ans: They used previous discoveries such as skin be grown outside the body, skin cells can be converted to stem cells and the whole idea of stem cells and their flexibility.
4.Describe the process by which the blood cells are created.
Ans: The blood cells are created as skin cells are becoming stem cells but in an environment filled with proteins that promote the growth and survival of blood cells. After countless experiments, they reached the perfect condition where they could reliably coax the skin cells into converting to blood cells.
5.What future research might be done that builds upon this research?
Ans: The next step and researches might be testing them widely and finding out more about the process and application.
Tuesday, April 9, 2013
P.41 and P.45 #1-5
April.9, 2013
Page 41 and 45 Question Number 1-5
P.41
1.Define the term stem cell.
Ans: Stem cell is an unspecialized cell. Stem cells can form specialized cells when exposed to the proper environment and conditions.
2.Explain how stem cells can become specialized.
Ans: Stem cells can become specialized when they are exposed to the proper environmental conditions.
3.Compare and contrast embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Ans: Adult stems cells are already differentiated.So"They can only become what they came from." Embryonic stem cells can develop into anything.
4.State one practical use of stem cell research.
Ans: Cloning and regenerative medicine.
5.What are meristematic cells?
Ans: Meristematic cells are plant stem cells. They are found growing on the tip of plants.
P.45
1.Define the term tissue.
Ans: A tissue is a group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks.
2.What is the link between specialized cells and tissues?
Ans: Specialized cells with the same function from tissues.
3.Compare the structure and functions of epithelial tissue and epidermal tissue.
Ans: Epithelial tissues lines body cavities and outer surface, protect structures and from glands that produce hormones, enzymes and sweat.They are made from cells that are tightly packed together. Might be 1 cell thin or contain several layers.
Epidermal tissues are the protective barrier of plants, they form the protective outer covering and allows the exchange of materials and gases into and out of the plant.
4.What are four types of animal tissues?
Ans: Muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue.
5.What are four types of plant tissues?
Ans: Vascular tissue, ground tissue, meristematic tissue, epidermal tissue.
Page 41 and 45 Question Number 1-5
P.41
1.Define the term stem cell.
Ans: Stem cell is an unspecialized cell. Stem cells can form specialized cells when exposed to the proper environment and conditions.
2.Explain how stem cells can become specialized.
Ans: Stem cells can become specialized when they are exposed to the proper environmental conditions.
3.Compare and contrast embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Ans: Adult stems cells are already differentiated.So"They can only become what they came from." Embryonic stem cells can develop into anything.
4.State one practical use of stem cell research.
Ans: Cloning and regenerative medicine.
5.What are meristematic cells?
Ans: Meristematic cells are plant stem cells. They are found growing on the tip of plants.
P.45
1.Define the term tissue.
Ans: A tissue is a group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks.
2.What is the link between specialized cells and tissues?
Ans: Specialized cells with the same function from tissues.
3.Compare the structure and functions of epithelial tissue and epidermal tissue.
Ans: Epithelial tissues lines body cavities and outer surface, protect structures and from glands that produce hormones, enzymes and sweat.They are made from cells that are tightly packed together. Might be 1 cell thin or contain several layers.
Epidermal tissues are the protective barrier of plants, they form the protective outer covering and allows the exchange of materials and gases into and out of the plant.
4.What are four types of animal tissues?
Ans: Muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue.
5.What are four types of plant tissues?
Ans: Vascular tissue, ground tissue, meristematic tissue, epidermal tissue.
Thursday, April 4, 2013
P.37#1-19
April.4, 2013
Page 37, Questions Number 1-19
1.Describe the events in the cell cycle.
Ans: The cycle of cells's life is called the cell cycle. In cell cycle the cells grow and prepare for cell division.
The cell cycle can be divided into 2 phases: Interphase(Cell growth) and Mitosis(Cell division).
Interphase is when the cell is preparing for cell division which happens in 3 stages:
G1 phase: cell growth
S phase: DNA replication
G2 phase: preparation for mitosis
Mitosis is when the cells are dividing, and it happens in 4 stages: prophase,metaphase,anasphase ,telophase
and cytokinesis.
2.Compare mitosis in plants and animal cells.
Ans: In animal cells mitosis centrioles are involved and they help with moving choromosomes to 2 sides, which are absent in plant cells. And during cytokinesis, the cytoplasmic division process is different.In animal cells,ring of microfillaments form along the cell's equator causing the plasma membrance to pinch and separate. Where as in plant cells, vesicles from the golgi apparatus line up and form a new cell wall and membrane.
3.Describe the meaning of the term "apoptosis" and state its importance.
Ans: Apoptosis means the regulated and controlled death of cells. It's the death of cells that are no longer useful. It's important to remove cells that have lost their ability to function efficiently.
4.State one similarity and one difference between plant and animal mitosis.
Ans:
Similarities: In prophases, both chromosomes condense.
In metaphase, the chromosomes all align at the equator.
In anaphase, they move towards opposite poles
Differences: In prophase, animal cells have centrioles that organize spindles while plants don't.
In cytokinesis, animal cells contracts and split into 2, where in plant cells the cell wall is formed. Animal cell mitosis happens everywhere, where it only happens at the tips of roots,shoots in meristem tissues.
5.What is a cancer cell?
Ans: A cell that divides uncontrollably is called a cancer cell. Cancer cells develop when a change occurs in the cell that affects how that cell divides. When the DNA is changed, it's known as a mutation.
6.Explain how mitosis ensures genetic continuity.
Ans: In mitosis, the genetic information in the nucleus is divided into 2 equal parts. That way the daughter cells have the exact same DNA.
7.How does mitosis make the growth and repair of cells possible in an organism?
Ans: Mitosis is the essential process in cell division, and cell division provides new cells to replace cells that wear out or break down.
8.Why would you expect cells to spend the greatest percentage of their cycle in interphase?
Ans: Because during interphase, cells takes in nutrients, grows and conducts other cell function and prepares for cell division.
9. What happens to the chromosomes as a cell prepares to divide?
Ans: Chromosomes are connected to spindle fibres and is connected at its centromere, the chromosomes are later seperated into 2 parts.
10.How is a cancer cell different from a normal cell? Give 3 differences.
Ans: Cancer cells do not stop reproducing.
Cancer cells do not stick to other cells and behaves independently.
Cancer cells may move to another location of the body.
11.Describe the difference between mitosis in an animal cell and a plant cell.
Ans: Plants do not have centrioles just centrosomes. Animal cells have centrioles, so as to what produces the spindle fibers is one of the differences between plant and animal mitosis. The phases of mitosis and what goes on in each phase is the same except when it comes to how cytokinesis is accomplished. Plant cells divide the cytoplasmbetween the two new nuclei by forming a cell plate (new cell wall) between the nuclei. Animal cells accomplish this by forming a cleavage furrow which is a pinching in at the middle of the cell until two new cells have been formed with cytoplasm and organelles for each new nuclei.
12.Why must cell division be controlled or regulated for cells to remain healthy? Explain your answer.
Ans: Because each cell has to divide and die as it should in order. So the it can be health for the body. Just like how too many people can be bad for beathing in a crowded room.
13.A certain antibiotic affects cells by preventing the formation of spindle fibres. Explain how this drug would affect mitosis in cells.
Ans: Without the proper amount of spindle fibres, the cells wouldn't be able to go through mitosis as quickly and as organized.
14.A drug used in chemotherapy causes chromosomes to move incorrectly during mitosis. As a result, the daughter cells that are produced havel either too much or too little genetic informattion. Predict why this treatment causes the caner cells to die.
Ans: Without the proper amount of chromosomes, the cells wouldn't be able to function as well. They might get other disease caused by the imbalance of chromosomes.
15.Identify the stage of mitosis shown in the photo below. Explain your thinking.
Ans: The stage of mitosis shown is anasphase because during anasphase the chormatids s are pulled to opposite directions in the cell.
16.The nerve cell in our bodies rarely undergo mitosis. Use this information to explain why complete recovery from injuries to our system may not occur.
Ans: Because mitosis doesn't or rarely takes place, the tissues and organs are not able to be replaced.
17.Sunscreens protect your skin by blocking types of ultravalent radiatino. Explain why the canadian cancer socieyly advices canadians to apply sunscreen.
Ans: Ultravalent radiation can be harmful to our skin and damage our skin cells. Skin cancer are often resulted from the harm of the sun. Using sunscreen helps your skin recover and blocks some of the rays.
18.Suggest reasons why cancer researchers may be interested in using their learning about the processes of cell division, to develop new forms of cancer prevention and treatment.
Ans: By learning how mitosis works, we can understand how cells divide and grow. Which can help us better notice any thing that's wrong and repair or kill it before it divides and spreads.
Page 37, Questions Number 1-19
1.Describe the events in the cell cycle.
Ans: The cycle of cells's life is called the cell cycle. In cell cycle the cells grow and prepare for cell division.
The cell cycle can be divided into 2 phases: Interphase(Cell growth) and Mitosis(Cell division).
Interphase is when the cell is preparing for cell division which happens in 3 stages:
G1 phase: cell growth
S phase: DNA replication
G2 phase: preparation for mitosis
Mitosis is when the cells are dividing, and it happens in 4 stages: prophase,metaphase,anasphase ,telophase
and cytokinesis.
2.Compare mitosis in plants and animal cells.
Ans: In animal cells mitosis centrioles are involved and they help with moving choromosomes to 2 sides, which are absent in plant cells. And during cytokinesis, the cytoplasmic division process is different.In animal cells,ring of microfillaments form along the cell's equator causing the plasma membrance to pinch and separate. Where as in plant cells, vesicles from the golgi apparatus line up and form a new cell wall and membrane.
3.Describe the meaning of the term "apoptosis" and state its importance.
Ans: Apoptosis means the regulated and controlled death of cells. It's the death of cells that are no longer useful. It's important to remove cells that have lost their ability to function efficiently.
4.State one similarity and one difference between plant and animal mitosis.
Ans:
Similarities: In prophases, both chromosomes condense.
In metaphase, the chromosomes all align at the equator.
In anaphase, they move towards opposite poles
Differences: In prophase, animal cells have centrioles that organize spindles while plants don't.
In cytokinesis, animal cells contracts and split into 2, where in plant cells the cell wall is formed. Animal cell mitosis happens everywhere, where it only happens at the tips of roots,shoots in meristem tissues.
5.What is a cancer cell?
Ans: A cell that divides uncontrollably is called a cancer cell. Cancer cells develop when a change occurs in the cell that affects how that cell divides. When the DNA is changed, it's known as a mutation.
6.Explain how mitosis ensures genetic continuity.
Ans: In mitosis, the genetic information in the nucleus is divided into 2 equal parts. That way the daughter cells have the exact same DNA.
7.How does mitosis make the growth and repair of cells possible in an organism?
Ans: Mitosis is the essential process in cell division, and cell division provides new cells to replace cells that wear out or break down.
8.Why would you expect cells to spend the greatest percentage of their cycle in interphase?
Ans: Because during interphase, cells takes in nutrients, grows and conducts other cell function and prepares for cell division.
9. What happens to the chromosomes as a cell prepares to divide?
Ans: Chromosomes are connected to spindle fibres and is connected at its centromere, the chromosomes are later seperated into 2 parts.
10.How is a cancer cell different from a normal cell? Give 3 differences.
Ans: Cancer cells do not stop reproducing.
Cancer cells do not stick to other cells and behaves independently.
Cancer cells may move to another location of the body.
11.Describe the difference between mitosis in an animal cell and a plant cell.
Ans: Plants do not have centrioles just centrosomes. Animal cells have centrioles, so as to what produces the spindle fibers is one of the differences between plant and animal mitosis. The phases of mitosis and what goes on in each phase is the same except when it comes to how cytokinesis is accomplished. Plant cells divide the cytoplasmbetween the two new nuclei by forming a cell plate (new cell wall) between the nuclei. Animal cells accomplish this by forming a cleavage furrow which is a pinching in at the middle of the cell until two new cells have been formed with cytoplasm and organelles for each new nuclei.
12.Why must cell division be controlled or regulated for cells to remain healthy? Explain your answer.
Ans: Because each cell has to divide and die as it should in order. So the it can be health for the body. Just like how too many people can be bad for beathing in a crowded room.
13.A certain antibiotic affects cells by preventing the formation of spindle fibres. Explain how this drug would affect mitosis in cells.
Ans: Without the proper amount of spindle fibres, the cells wouldn't be able to go through mitosis as quickly and as organized.
14.A drug used in chemotherapy causes chromosomes to move incorrectly during mitosis. As a result, the daughter cells that are produced havel either too much or too little genetic informattion. Predict why this treatment causes the caner cells to die.
Ans: Without the proper amount of chromosomes, the cells wouldn't be able to function as well. They might get other disease caused by the imbalance of chromosomes.
15.Identify the stage of mitosis shown in the photo below. Explain your thinking.
Ans: The stage of mitosis shown is anasphase because during anasphase the chormatids s are pulled to opposite directions in the cell.
16.The nerve cell in our bodies rarely undergo mitosis. Use this information to explain why complete recovery from injuries to our system may not occur.
Ans: Because mitosis doesn't or rarely takes place, the tissues and organs are not able to be replaced.
17.Sunscreens protect your skin by blocking types of ultravalent radiatino. Explain why the canadian cancer socieyly advices canadians to apply sunscreen.
Ans: Ultravalent radiation can be harmful to our skin and damage our skin cells. Skin cancer are often resulted from the harm of the sun. Using sunscreen helps your skin recover and blocks some of the rays.
18.Suggest reasons why cancer researchers may be interested in using their learning about the processes of cell division, to develop new forms of cancer prevention and treatment.
Ans: By learning how mitosis works, we can understand how cells divide and grow. Which can help us better notice any thing that's wrong and repair or kill it before it divides and spreads.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)